ISSN 2379-8203
BIOMEDICINE & NURSING
Biomedicine and Nursing
Quarterly
Volume 11 - Issue 2 (Cumulated No. 41), June 25, 2025 (COVER)
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1. Diversity and Relative Abundance of Lepidoptera in an oak forest of Kumaun Himalaya
Garia, A., Goswami, D. and Kaushal, B. R*
Department of Zoology, Kumaun University, Nainital -263002, India * Corresponding Author: brkaushal01@ gmail.com
Abstract: Species richness, abundance and biomass and species diversity of Lepidoptera in an oak forest of Kumaun Himalaya, Uttarakhand were investigated during August 2013 to July 2015. A total of 38 species belonging to 8 families were collected. Maximum abundance and biomass were 38 ind. ha-1 and 3580 mg ha-1, respectively. Family Nymphalidae was dominant both terms of number of species (44.8%) and number of individuals (42.7%) collected. Shannon-Wiener diversity index H’ ranged from 0 to 0.32 and Evenness (E) from 0 to 0.035 indicating lower values were due to lower number of species and individuals recorded.
[Garia, A., Goswami, D. and Kaushal, B. R. Diversity and Relative Abundance of Lepidoptera in an oak forest of Kumaun Himalaya. Biomedicine and Nursing 2025;11(2):1-9]. ISSN 2379-8211 (print); ISSN 2379-8203 (online). http://www.nbmedicine.org. 01.
Key words: Lepidoptera; species richness; abundance; species diversity; oak forest; Kumaun Himalaya
2. Design, Synthesis And Bioassay Of Novel Complexes Of 3-Amino-2-Methyl-7-Chloro-Quinazolin4 (3h)-One
1Osarumwense Peter. O and 2Okunrobo. L. O and 3Elemike Elias Emeka
1Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of physical Sciences, Ondo State University of Science And Technology.
2Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.
3 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of physical Sciences, Federal University of Petroleum Resources Effurun Warri, Delta State, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT: A novel Ligand of 3-Amino-2-Methy-7-Chloro-Quinazolin 4(3H)-one (L) has been synthesized in good yield by the reaction of methyl-2-amino-4- chlorobenzoate with acetic anhydride then replaced the oxygen with nitrogen of hydrazine. When the Ligand react with Co (II), Zn (II) and Cu (II) new complexes are formed. The chemical structure of all prepared compounds were characterize by IR, UV/Visible, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, GCMS and elemental analysis, moreover, molar ratio M:L were also determined. The free Ligand and their metal complexes have been tested in vitrol against a number of microorganisms gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus Bacillus species and Enterococcus feasalis), gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and fungi (Candida albicans) in order to assess their antimicrobial properties. All our complexes should considerable activity against all bacteria.
[Osarumwense Peter. O; Okunrobo. L. O; Elemike Elias Emeka. Design, Synthesis And Bioassay Of Novel Complexes Of 3-Amino-2-Methyl-7-Chloro-Quinazolin4 (3h)-One. Biomedicine and Nursing 2025;11(2):10-18]. [page1image58705328] [page1image58705744] [page1image58705536] http://www.nbmedicine.org. 02.
Keywords: 3-amino-2-methyl-7-chloro-quinazolin-4(3H)-one; Metal complexes; Methyl-2-amino-4- chlorobenzoate
3. Physico-chemical and microbial assessment of drinking water sources across world’s largest glacial deposits in Karakoram Mountain Ranges, Pakistan
Maisoor Ahmed Nafees1, Khalil Ahmed1, Andrea Lami3, Azhar Hussain2, Shujaat Ali2, Tika Khan4*
1Department of Biological Sciences Karakorum International University, Gilgit, Pakistan; 2Department of Food and Agriculture Karakorum International University, Gilgit, Pakistan; 3Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Verbania, Italy; 4Integrated Mountain Areas Research Centre, Karakoram International University, Pakistan.
*Corresponding author: tika.khan@kiu.edu.pk
Abstract: Karakoram Mountain Ranges, Pakistan harbor largest glacial deposits in the world outside poles. They are key source of life and livelihoods of more than 15 million people living downstream. Water samples tested for physico-chemical and microbial health revealed severe bacterial contamination. A total Bacterial count, occurrence of E. coli and Enterococci in alpine origin sources indicate their vulnerability and undesirable human interferences into fragile mountain ecosystems making them unsafe for consumption. However, chemical ingredients found within the specified water quality limitation. Water sources need proper attention to mitigate frequency and prevalence of water borne diseases in the area.
[Maisoor Ahmed Nafees, Khalil Ahmed, Andrea Lami, Azhar Hussain, Shujaat Ali, Tika Khan. Physico-chemical and microbial assessment of drinking water sources across world’s largest glacial deposits in Karakoram Mountain Ranges, Pakistan. Biomedicine and Nursing 2025;11(2):19-25]. ISSN 2379-8211 (print); ISSN 2379-8203 (online). http://www.nbmedicine.org. 03. doi:10.7537/marsbnj110225.03
Key words: E. coli; Enterococci; water borne diseases; pathogen; bacteria; Himalaya; Hindukush; water quality; Gilgit-Baltistan
4. Identification of poisonous Plants and their toxic effects on Livestock in and around Bako district, West Shoa Zone, Oromia regional state, Western Ethiopia
Yoobsan Fikadu1, Girma Kebede1, Tilahun Zenebe2, Zelalem Abera1 , Tadele Kabeta1
1Wollega University, School of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 395, Nekemte, Ethiopia; 2National Animal Health Diagnostic and Investigation Center, P.O. Box 04, Sebeta, Ethiopia
Email- girmakebede27@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT: Poisonous plants are one of the causes of livestock health problems all over the world and bring significant economic loss. Therefore, a cross-sectional study was conducted in and around Bako district West Showa Zone of Oromia regional state, Western Ethiopia from November 2015 to May 2016 with the objectives of identifying poisonous plants and their toxic effect in the study area. In order to put the objective into practice, structured questionnaires were developed and 153 individuals (139 livestock owners and 14 animal health practitioners) were interviewed on voluntary basis. The study revealed that 122(87.8%) of livestock owners and 14(100%) of animal health practitioner complained the presence of plant poisoning on livestock in the study area. Similarly, 37 plants were identified as having poisoning effect on livestock, among which Trifolium hybridium, Sorghum bicola, Amaranthus spp, Datura stramonium and Plantago lanceolata had the highest botanical frequency. According to the result of survey, agricultural expansion, drought, soil erosion and overgrazing predispose the livestock to plant poisoning. In the same way, almost all of the livestock were managed by extensive type of production system which allows them to browse poisonous perennial herbs on the fields. On the other hand, the livestock were poisoned by leaves and other parts of the identified poisonous plants through ingestion or contact. In conclusion, from the current study, high numbers of poisonous plants were obtained in the study area. Hence, the livestock health in the area is at high risk of exposure to these toxic plants and therefore the government should intervene to create awareness among the community about the effects of these plants and for further phyto chemical and toxicological studies and possibly pharmacological activity.
[Yoobsan Fikadu, Girma Kebede, Tilahun Zenebe, Zelalem Abera , Tadele Kabeta. Identification of poisonous Plants and their toxic effects on Livestock in and around Bako district, West Shoa Zone, Oromia regional state, Western Ethiopia. Biomedicine and Nursing 2025;11(2):26-32]. ISSN 2379-8211 (print); ISSN 2379-8203 (online). http://www.nbmedicine.org. 04. doi:10.7537/marsbnj110225.04
Keywords: Botanical frequency; Ethiopia; livestock; Poisonous plants; structured questionnaire
5. Morphological and DNA Barcode Identification of the Delottococcus confuses, (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), an invasive alien species to China.
Zhao Lang
(Zhengzhou Foreign Language School, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000)
Abstract: This study was initially carried out based on an unidentifiable mealybug in the fresh-cut flowers bought in the market. Using morphological and DNA barcoding techniques, the mealybug was finally identified as Delottococcus confusus. Native to South Africa, it is the main pest of Proteaceae plants and has been banned from entry in many countries due to its damage to citrus. As of 2021, the area planted with citrus in China has exceeded 2,617,333 hectares. Therefore, the invasion of Delottococcus species will seriously threaten the development of the citrus industry in China. Mealybugs are small in size and tend to be hidden, making them very easy to spread via the fresh-cut flowers of Proteaceae plants. It’s imperative to strengthen the quarantine of nursery stock, cut flowers and fruits to prevent pests from entering China and harming the ecological safety of agriculture and forestry.
[Zhao Lang. Morphological and DNA Barcode Identification of the Delottococcus confuses, (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), an invasive alien species to China. Biomedicine and Nursing 2025;11(2):33-47]. ISSN 2379-8211 (print); ISSN 2379-8203 (online). http://www.nbmedicine.org. 05. doi:10.7537/marsbnj110225.05
Keywords: Leucospermum nutans; Delottococcus confuses; Morphological characteristics; DNA barcoding; South Africa; fresh-cut flowers; phylogenetic trees.
6. Bioforecast
Gangadhar
H. No.5-30-4/1, Saibabanagar, Jeedimetla, Hyderabad - 500 055, Telangana, India. Email: gangadhar19582058@gmail.com
Abstract: All world scientists agree that it is possible for animals to sense changes in the environment before humans. Anecdotal evidence abounds of animals fish, birds, reptiles, and insects exhibiting strange behavior anywhere from weeks to seconds before weather changes and natural calamities in advance. Many animals predict the arrival of summer or rain with their changing behavior, because they sense that the days are getting longer or hotter. When cows sense bad weather, they become restless. I have conducted many researches and studies on how organisms perceive climate changes in advance and have made a number of inventions and discoveries related to these bio-forecasting methods. Among them the invention of Lisposcope, discovery of bio-lumicells, and particularly invention of Bio- forecast to predict weather changes and natural calamities in advance are important.
Gangadhar. Bioforecast. Biomedicine and Nursing 2025;11(2):48-111]. ISSN 2379-8211 (print); ISSN 2379-8203 http://www.nbmedicine.org. 06. doi:10.7537/marsbnj110225.06
Keywords: Ecological Forecasting Time Scales (1965-70); A New Model of Cosmology (1970-80); Basics of Geoscope (1980-87); Basics of Monsoon Time Scales (1987-91); Astro-Climatic Numerical Periodic Tables (1991- 2000); Designs of Geoscope (2000-2015); Designs of Global Monsoon Time Scales (2015-still)
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