ISSN 2379-8203
BIOMEDICINE & NURSING
Biomedicine and Nursing
Quarterly
Volume 11 - Issue 3 (Cumulated No. 42), Semptember 25, 2025 (COVER)
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Marsland Press, 310 W 18th Street, New York, NY 10011, USA. 718-404-5362, 347-321-7172
Mitchell Sarmie1, Kajali Kangar1, S. Archie Hne Toomey1, Bode Ireti Shobayo1,2
1. Department of Biological Sciences, T. J. R. Faulkner College of Science and Technology;
2. National Public Health Institute of Liberia, Congo Town, Monrovia, Liberia
bodeishobayo@gmail.com, karngarka@ul.edu.lr
Abstract: The emergence of microbial resistance to currently used antibiotics is a serious global health issue. Obtaining scientific evidence on the use of medicinal plants as an alternative to conventional antibiotics in the treatment of microbial infections is therefore warranted. This study evaluated the efficacy of ethanolic extracts of O. gratissimum in comparison with a second-generation fluoroquinolone (ciprofloxacin) against Salmonella typhi isolate. Fresh plant leaves were collected from the Fendell Community, dried, and grounded into powder. 82.5g of the powder was extracted with 300ml of ethanol to determine the presence of phytochemical compounds of the powder. S. typhi isolates were obtained from the National Standards Laboratory and their susceptibility profile against the plant extracts and Ciprofloxacin was determined using the Agar Well Dilution Method. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of Tannins, Saponins, Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Glycosides, Phenols, Terpenoids, and Steroids in the extracts of O. gratissimum., Comparatively, Ciprofloxacin showed 60.96mm zone of inhibition against the tested isolates compared to 5.08mm which was shown by the plant’s extracts. The study revealed that Ciprofloxacin showed significantly higher degree of inhibition against the bacterial strain as compared to O. gratissimum extracts. Further studies are however needed to examine the antibacterial potential of other forms of extracts of the plant. The biologically active compounds of O. gratissimum should also be further investigated using Quantitative methods to determine efficiency of each secondary metabolite, in addition to determining the MIC and MBC of the plant extracts.
[Mitchell Sarmie, Kajali Kangar, S. Archie Hne Toomey, Bode Ireti Shobayo. In vitro comparative analysis of the antibacterial activity of ethanolic extracts of Ocimum gratissimum (Fever Leaf) and Ciprofloxacin against Salmonella typhi. Biomedicine and Nursing 2025;11(3):1-6]. ISSN 2379-8211 (print); ISSN 2379-8203 (online). http://www.nbmedicine.org. 01. doi:10.7537/marsbnj110325.01
Keywords: Ocimum gratissimum; Ciprofloxacin; Salmonella typhi; Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing
2. HYGIENIC PRACTICES, PREVALENCE AND ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY PROFILE OF SALMONELLA ISOLATED FROM BEEF SUPPLY CHAIN IN ASSOSA TOWN, WESTERN ETHIOPIA
Asmamaw Aki Jano
Assosa, Regional Veterinary Laboratory, P.O. Box 326, Assosa, Ethiopia; asmamawaki@gmail.com, phone: +251-902330029
ABSTRACT: Across-sectional study was conducted on Isolation, Identification and Antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Salmonella and its Public health significance in beef supply chain of Assosa town, western Ethiopia from October 2024 to April 2025 in beef, with the objectives to isolate and identify salmonella from beef supply chain, to assess the public health significance associated with risk factors and to estimate antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of salmonella isolates. A total of 384 samples were collected from beef slab house and butcher shop, and processed with standard Bacteriological methods. The study revealed that 68 (17.70%) of the collected swab samples with beef value chain was contaminated with salmonella. 17.68% of salmonella contaminates were recorded in abattoir with higher (31.6%) salmonella in abattoir workers hand swab followed by 21.62% in neck swab, 18.91% in abdominal swab, 15.09% in pooled material swab and 10.81% in hind limb swab, which was significant (P<0.05). Whereas, 30% salmonella contaminates were reported in pooled material swab, followed by 16.66% in butcher workers hand swab, and 6.66% butcher meat swab., which was non significant(p>0.05). In this study, sample source, hygienic practice, and washing carcass after and before skinning were potential risk factors. Majority (94.12%) of drug resistance prevalence was reported in Penicillin G, followed by (85.3%) amoxicillin, 82.35% tetracycline; 58% streptomycin, and 41.2% ciprofloxacin. Whereas higher (85.29%) of drug susceptibility was recorded in chloramphenicol, followed by gentamycin (76.47%), 67.64% kanamycin; 58.82% ciprofloxacin, and 41.2% streptomycin. The presence and consumption of beef meat may constitute a public health hazard and reduced meat quality due to salmonella contaminates. Thus health professionals should create awareness about meat handling practice, storage, sanitary practice, surface hygiene and slaughtering processes to abattoir workers and end users. And regular resistance follow-up, using antimicrobials sensitivity tests helps to select effective antibiotics and to reduce the problems of drug resistance developments towards commonly used antimicrobials so as to reduce the problem encountered.
[Asmamaw Aki Jano. HYGIENIC PRACTICES, PREVALENCE AND ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY PROFILE OF SALMONELLA ISOLATED FROM BEEF SUPPLY CHAIN IN ASSOSA TOWN, WESTERN ETHIOPIA. Biomedicine and Nursing 2025;11(3):7-25]. ISSN 2379-8211 (print); ISSN 2379-8203 (online). http://www.nbmedicine.org. 02. doi:10.7537/marsbnj110325.02
Key words: Assosa; Antimicrobial; abattoir; Bovine; Butcher; beef; Salmonella INTRODUCTION
3. Risks of using antibiotics without a prescription to human health
Zeyad M. Alsharif, Loai T. Alharbi, Majed O. Alharbi, Ahmad A. Bazaid, Basim S. Alsurihi, Mohammed S. Alkhuzaee, Ali A. Alzahrani, Abdulrahman M. Almalki, Tariq M. Alsubhi, Ehsan S. Al-Abdulaziz
Pharmacy Technician, Compliance Department, Directorate of Health Affairs, Mecca (1).
Pharmacy inspector in the Implementation Department of the Directorate of Health Affairs in Mecca.
Pharmacy Technician at Ibn Sina Long-Term Care Hospital, Mecca Health Cluster.
Pharmacy Technician Supply Department, Jeddah Health.
Pharmacy Technician in Supply Chain Management, Mecca Health Cluster.
Pharmacy Technician in the Medical Supply Department, Health Cluster, Mecca Region
pharmacy technician in the executive management of supply chains in the health cluster in Mecca.
Pharmacy Technician in the Medical Supply Department of the Health Cluster in Mecca.
Pharmacy Technician at the primary healthcare center in Al-Nuwariya
Pharmacy Technician at the primary Healthcare center in Kudi & Alhijrah
zalsharef@moh.gov.sa
Abstract: The aim of the study is to the opinions of people about their use of antibiotics without a prescription, to know their attitudes and impressions about them, and to know the level of their education about the risks of antibiotics to their health, if they are used randomly without consulting the attending physician, to know the diseases that use antibiotics. An electronic questionnaire was created through the Google Drive application, where this questionnaire was distributed to social networking groups (randomly) WhatsApp, where 650 answers were obtained from those (residents of the city of Mecca), out of a total of 750 questionnaires.
[Zeyad M. Alsharif, Loai T. Alharbi, Majed O. Alharbi, Ahmad A. Bazaid, Basim S. Alsurihi, Mohammed S. Alkhuzaee, Ali A. Alzahrani, Abdulrahman M. Almalki, Tariq M. Alsubhi, Ehsan S. Al-Abdulaziz. Risks of using antibiotics without a prescription to human health. Biomedicine and Nursing 2025;11(3):26-30]. ISSN 2379-8211 (print); ISSN 2379-8203 (online). http://www.nbmedicine.org. 03. doi:10.7537/marsbnj110325.03
Keywords: Antibiotic; risk; prescription; Human health
4. The role of nursing in promoting health awareness in health facilities
Khalid A. Alsulami(1), Anas S. Batyyab, Hamed S. Alsharif, Sultan S. Alharbi, Badreyah M. Otaif,. Sana. A. Barnawi, Elham O. Fallatah, Safiya H. Alharbi, Hana H. Alharbi, Merfat Z. Jambi, Abdulaziz H. Alluqmani, Dalal M. Alharthy, Afnan S. Baljdum, Khader M. Alobaedy
Nursing specialist at the Security Forces Hospital in Mecca (1)
Nursing Technician at Supply Chain Management in Mecca Health Cluster
Nursing technician at the Compliance Department of the Directorate of Health Affairs in Mecca.
Nursing technician at the supply chain management in Mecca Health Cluster
Nursing specialist at the Primary Health Care Center in Kudi and Alhijrah
Nursing specialist at the Primary Health Care Center in Kudi and Alhijrah
Nursing specialist at Ajyad Emergency Hospital in Mecca
Nursing Technician at King Abdulaziz Hospital, Mecca
Dietitian at King Abdulaziz Hospital, Taif
Nursing Technician at King Abdulaziz Hospital, Mecca
Nursing Technician in the emergency department of King Abdulaziz Hospital, Mecca
Nursing technician at West Air Health Center in Taif.
Nursing technician in intensive care at Ajyad Emergency Hospital
Nursing Assistant at the primary Health care center in Al-mugrah
Kalu1@outlook.sa
Abstract: the aim of the current study is to find out the extent of the role of nursing in raising health awareness among patients and reviews, providing information and valuable health advice for their benefit first and for their health second, knowing the existence of satisfaction and their impressions of the nursing staff among the patients and reviews that they are performing their duties in a manner befitting the reputation of the nursing staff in health facilities. An electronic questionnaire was created through the Google Drive application, where this questionnaire was distributed to social networking WhatsApp groups, where 600 responses were obtained from those (residents of the city of Mecca), out of a total of 700 questionnaires.
[Khalid A. Alsulami, Anas S. Batyyab, Hamed S. Alsharif, Sultan S. Alharbi, Badreyah M. Otaif,. Sana. A. Barnawi, Elham O. Fallatah, Safiya H. Alharbi, Hana H. Alharbi, Merfat Z. Jambi, Abdulaziz H. Alluqmani, Dalal M. Alharthy, Afnan S. Baljdum, Khader M. Alobaedy. The role of nursing in promoting health awareness in health facilities. Biomedicine and Nursing 2025;11(3):31-34]. ISSN 2379-8211 (print); ISSN 2379-8203 (online). http://www.nbmedicine.org. 04. doi:10.7537/marsbnj110325.04
Keywords: health awareness; A group of educational activities and informants; The role; Nursing
5. Bio-Intensive Intervention of Pest, Drought Management, and Deterring Crop Raiding Wild Elephants in Small Cardamom Plantation
Sudhakar S1, Dr. G. Sivakumar2, Dr. Kalaivanan D3, Dr. Bharat Singh4.
SMS (Plant Protection) KVK, Idukki, Kerala.1
Pr. Scientist (Microbiology), ICAR-NBAIR Bangalore2
Senior Scientist (Soil Science), ICAR-IIHR, Bangalore 3
Scientist (SMS), ICAR-KVK, Gurugram, Harayana, India 4
E-mail: sudhakarsounda@gmail.com
ABSTRACT: Bio-intensive IPM incorporates ecological and economic factors into agricultural system design and decision-making and addresses public concerns about environmental quality and food safety. The benefits of implementing bio-intensive IPM can include reduced chemical input costs, reduced on-farm and off-farm environmental impacts and more effective and sustainable pest management in small cardamom plantation. An experiment was conducted in the year of 2021 to 2023 for evaluation of different modules for Bio-Intensive Intervention of Pest, Drought Management, and Deterring Crop Raiding Wild Elephants in Small Cardamom Plantation. The present study thus revealed that combination formulation of B. bassiana + B. thuringiensis and Bacillus thuringiensis var kurstaki were promising against stem borer, panicle and capsule borer coupled with safety to its larval parasitoid, Apanteles taragamae and Friona sp and can be opted for inclusion as component in the Integrated Pest Management in Small cardamom. Soil application of the fungus granules reduced capsule damage by thrips significantly compared to control, whereas spray application of the fungus was ineffective. EPNs constitute a cost-effective, value-added approach to promote sustainable agriculture in small cardamom plantation. PPFM association with plant growth can be exploited for eco-friendly and cost-effective practices to promote sustainable agriculture in small cardamom plantation.
[Sudhakar S, Dr. G. Sivakumar, Dr. Kalaivanan D, Dr. Bharat Singh. Bio-Intensive Intervention of Pest, Drought Management, and Deterring Crop Raiding Wild Elephants in Small Cardamom Plantation. Biomedicine and Nursing 2025;11(3):35-40]. ISSN 2379-8211 (print); ISSN 2379-8203 (online). http://www.nbmedicine.org. 05. doi:10.7537/marsbnj110325.05
KEYWORDS: Bio-Intensive Intervention of Pest; Drought Management; Conogethes sp.; Elettaria cardamomum; parasitoids; small cardamom
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